I-GPV

I-GPC Significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, and viability of cancer cells by activating the apoptotic process via caspase-3 overexpression and the regulation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein.

One of the primary ways I-GPV kills cancer is by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death). It downregulates anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax, disrupting the balance that cancer cells rely on for survival. This triggers the mitochondrial pathway, leading to the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspases, enzymes that dismantle cancer cells.

I-GPV also inhibits proliferation by interfering with the cell cycle and halting cancer cell growth. Additionally, it suppresses angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow and spread, effectively starving cancer cells of nutrients.

The powerful antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals, preventing DNA damage that can lead to mutations and cancer progression. Its anti-inflammatory effects reduce chronic inflammation, a known risk factor for cancer development.

I-GPV has shown promise in preclinical studies against various cancers, including breast, colon, liver, and skin cancers. I-GPV holds potential as a complementary approach to conventional therapies.

The anticancer effects of I-GPV

Mechanisms of Action

  1. Induction of Apoptosis
    Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a natural process that eliminates damaged or abnormal cells. Cancer cells often evade apoptosis, enabling their unchecked growth. I-GPV restore apoptotic pathways in cancer cells by:

Targeting Bcl-2 Proteins:
I-GPV compounds downregulate anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL while upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax and Bak. This disrupts the mitochondrial membrane’s integrity, leading to the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases, key enzymes in the apoptotic process.

Activating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways:
I-GPV induces both the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways of apoptosis. The intrinsic pathway is triggered by mitochondrial damage, while the extrinsic pathway involves death receptors like Fas and TRAIL receptors.

  1. Antioxidant Effects
    Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, contributes to cancer initiation and progression by damaging DNA and promoting mutations. I-GPV’s high antioxidant content:
  • Neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevents oxidative damage to cellular components.
  • Inhibits lipid peroxidation and enhances the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase.


By reducing oxidative stress, I-GPV mitigates one of the primary triggers of cancer development.

  1. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
    Chronic inflammation is a key driver of tumorigenesis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β create a tumor-promoting microenvironment. I-GPV combats inflammation by:
  • Inhibiting the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in inflammation and cancer.
  • Reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
  • This anti-inflammatory action disrupts the inflammatory cycle that supports tumor growth and progression.
  1. Inhibition of Angiogenesis
    Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. I-GPV compounds block angiogenesis by:
  • Suppressing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors.
  • Inhibiting the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, which are necessary for new blood vessel formation.
  • By cutting off the blood supply to tumors, I-GPV effectively starves cancer cells of oxygen and nutrients.
  1. Suppression of Tumor Cell Proliferation
    Cancer cells exhibit uncontrolled division and growth. I-GPV interferes with this process by:
  • Inhibiting Cell Cycle Progression:
    I-GPV arrest the cell cycle at specific checkpoints (e.g., G0/G1 or G2/M), preventing cancer cells from dividing.

Disrupting Growth Signaling Pathways:
I-GPV modulates signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK, which are crucial for cell survival and proliferation.

  1. Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment
    The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression. I-GPV modifies the TME by:
  • Reducing the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and facilitate cancer invasion.
  • Enhancing immune cell activity, potentially boosting the body’s natural defense against tumors.
  1. Synergistic Effects with Conventional Therapies
    I-GPV compounds may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy by sensitizing cancer cells to treatment. For example:

Overcoming Drug Resistance:
By targeting survival pathways and restoring apoptosis, I-GPV can help counteract resistance to chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin or doxorubicin.

Reducing Side Effects:
I-GPV’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may protect normal cells from the harmful effects of chemotherapy and radiation.

Evidence from Research Studies


In Vitro Studies
Breast Cancer:
I-GPV extract induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The effects were attributed to the downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax.

Colon Cancer:
Studies demonstrated that I-GPV inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis.

Liver Cancer:
I-GPV extract reduced oxidative stress and suppressed tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.

In Vivo Studies
Animal studies have supported I-GPV’s anticancer effects. For example, in mouse models of colon cancer, I-GPV extract reduced tumor size and prevented metastasis by inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation.

Practical Applications
Dietary Use:
Oral capsules used daily

Allergy Warning

Due to the complex nature of this formulation anyone with a Berry or Nut allergy should exercise caution. Does not contain milk or animal products.

Combination Therapies:
I-GPV could be used alongside conventional therapies to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects.


I-GPV possesses a wide range of anticancer properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic effects. Its bioactive compounds target multiple pathways involved in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. While not a standalone treatment, I-GPV holds great potential in cancer prevention and therapy. Continued research will help unlock its full potential in integrative oncology.

Antimicrobial Action

I-GPV has antimicrobial properties and exhibit broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses, making I-GPV a valuable antimicrobial agent.

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action
Disruption of Cell Membranes:

I-GPV, interact with bacterial and fungal cell membranes, increasing permeability and causing leakage of cellular contents.
This effect compromises the structural integrity of the pathogen, leading to its death.

Inhibition of Enzymatic Activity:

I-GPV extracts inhibit key enzymes essential for microbial survival, such as those involved in energy production and cell wall synthesis.
I-GPV can bind to microbial enzymes, reducing their functionality.

Metal Ion Chelation:

I-GPV’s polyphenols chelate essential metal ions like iron, which microbes require for metabolic processes, effectively starving them of nutrients.

Disruption of Biofilm Formation:

Biofilms are protective layers formed by microbes that make them resistant to antimicrobial agents. I-GPV prevents biofilm formation and may help disrupt established biofilms, increasing the susceptibility of microbes to other treatments.

Oxidative Damage:
I-GPV generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microbial cells, leading to oxidative stress and cell damage.

Gut Health

I-GPV promoting a healthy gut microbiome, reducing inflammation, and protecting the gastrointestinal lining.

Here’s how I-GPV contributes to gut health:

  1. Antioxidant Protection
    The high antioxidant content in I-GPV, primarily due to polyphenols like gallic acid and flavonoids such as quercetin, helps neutralize free radicals in the gut. This reduces oxidative stress, which is a contributor to gut inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining. By preserving the integrity of the gut lining, I-GPV helps prevent conditions like leaky gut syndrome.
  2. Anti-Inflammatory Effects
    Chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. I-GPV inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, and suppresses the activity of NF-κB, a key regulator of inflammation. This makes I-GPV beneficial for managing inflammation-related gut disorders.
  3. Antimicrobial Activity
    I-GPV’s antimicrobial properties play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota by:
  • Inhibiting harmful pathogens like Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, and Helicobacter pylori, which are linked to gastrointestinal infections and ulcers.
  • Supporting beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.
  • This dual action promotes a balanced gut microbiome, crucial for optimal digestion, immunity, and overall health.
  1. Modulation of Gut Microbiota
    Polyphenols in I-GPV are metabolized by gut bacteria into bioactive metabolites that influence microbial composition. Research suggests that I-GPV compounds can:
  • Enhance the growth of beneficial bacteria, which produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate.
  • SCFAs are vital for maintaining gut barrier integrity and reducing inflammation.
  • Suppress the growth of opportunistic pathogens, thus preventing dysbiosis (imbalance in gut microbiota).
  1. Protection Against Gastric Ulcers
    I-GPV contains compounds with gastroprotective properties that may help prevent or heal gastric ulcers.
  1. Support for Digestive Processes
    I-GPV aids digestion by:
  • Stimulating bile production, which is essential for fat digestion and nutrient absorption.
  • Alleviating symptoms like bloating and indigestion, thanks to its carminative properties.
  1. Potential Role in Preventing Colorectal Cancer
    The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of I-GPV may help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. By neutralizing oxidative stress and inflammation, and by promoting a healthy gut microbiota, I-GPV contributes to the prevention of cancerous changes in the colon.

Reduce beta-amyloid toxicity

I-GPV reducing beta-amyloid toxicity by:

  • Inhibiting aggregation of beta-amyloid peptides.
  • Neutralizing oxidative stress triggered by beta-amyloid.
  • Reducing neuroinflammation linked to beta-amyloid’s effects.
  • Enhancing pathways involved in beta-amyloid clearance.

Enhance Cellular Longevity and Autophagy

Autophagy is a cellular housekeeping mechanism that removes damaged proteins, organelles, and cellular debris. As we age, the efficiency of autophagy declines. I-GPV antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects can stimulate autophagy, promoting cellular repair and renewal.

By enhancing autophagy, I-GPV can:

  • Remove damaged cellular components.
  • Delay age-related cellular dysfunction.
  • Support tissue repair and regeneration.

IGP-V is rich in flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, providing strong defense against oxidative stress, inflammation, obesity, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipidemia. It also supports liver function, heart health, metabolism, and may aid in cancer prevention. Our research suggests could be beneficial in managing metabolic conditions, particularly those affecting the liver and blood vessels. Its key benefits include:

  • Potent antioxidant properties.
  • Anti-inflammatory effects due to tannins and gallic acid.
  • Neutralizing free radicals.
  • High vitamin C content, supporting antioxidant activity.
  • Promoting collagen production.
  • Antimicrobial properties, particularly against Salmonella.
  • Supporting balanced blood sugar levels.
  • Rich in Omega-3 fatty acids.
  • Protecting the heart and blood vessels, reducing cardiovascular damage.
  • Increasing HDL (good cholesterol) and lowering LDL (bad cholesterol).
  • Containing anti-clotting agents to improve blood fluidity.
  • Alleviating respiratory issues, such as the common cold and bronchitis, due to volatile oils like carvacrol and thymol.
  • Aiding digestive health.
  • Offering protective effects on the liver.

I-GPV offers a range of health benefits, including the treatment of overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, bedwetting, and interstitial cystitis. It also helps regulate glucose levels, reduces cardiovascular risks, supports blood vessel health, and stimulates male sex hormones.

Studies have demonstrated its potent free radical scavenging ability, protective effects against liver damage, and antiviral, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. These findings align with existing research highlighting its strong antioxidant capabilities. Additionally, I-GPV has been shown to have cardioprotective effects, aiding in hyperlipidemia and blood sugar regulation. Clinical studies indicate that I-GPV consumption may reduce body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), although plasma triglyceride (TG) levels remained unchanged. These results suggest that I-GPV could help lower cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia.

I-GPV contains over 220 beneficial components, including essential vitamins and healthy fats. Notably, it is rich in oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid linked to improved heart health, and linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid essential for maintaining healthy cellular membranes.

Our testing confirms that I-GPV has significant anti-inflammatory properties due to its high levels of phenols and flavonoids. These compounds may support brain health, reduce nervous system inflammation, and help combat degenerative nervous system diseases. Additionally, I-GPV plays a protective role for both the nervous system and internal organs. It has been shown to protect DNA from damage, exhibit antitumor effects by inhibiting cancer cell growth, and support overall health. Moreover, it helps lower liver enzyme levels and may benefit individuals with fatty liver disease.

I-GPV also supports gastric health, helping to reduce inflammation of the gastric epithelium and prevent inflammation-related gastric diseases caused by H. pylori. Additionally, it exhibits antibacterial properties, limiting bacterial growth in the digestive system.

Research Procedures (Healthy Participants)

Methods:
The researcher employed an experimental pre-post measurement design with two groups of male students, as it was deemed appropriate for the nature of the study.

Study Sample:
A total of 40 male students aged 18-20 years, were randomly selected to participate in the study. They were divided into two groups:

  • Experimental group (n=20) – received I-GPV supplementation.
  • Control group (n=20) – received a placebo.

All participants were in good health, free of contagious diseases, and willing to participate. They provided written informed consent and were required to abstain from any medication throughout the experiment. The experimental group received 2.2 grams of I-GPV daily for three months, while the control group was administered a placebo.

Data Collection

  • Height – Measured using a stadiometer.
  • Weight – Assessed with a medical scale.
  • Pulse Rate – Measured using a pulse meter.
  • Glutathione (GSH) – Analyzed using the ELISA method.
  • Malondialdehyde (MDA) – Measured using a spectrophotometer.
  • Blood Glucose – Assessed using a spectrophotometer.
  • Insulin – Measured using the ELISA method.
  • Total Cholesterol (T. Cholesterol) – Analyzed using a spectrophotometer.
  • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Testosterone – Measured using the ELISA method.
  • C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) – Assessed using the Rose-Waaler test.
  • Muscle Strength (Legs) – Evaluated using a seated leg press.
  • Total Leukocytes (T. Leucocytes) – Measured using a Coulter counter.
  • Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) – Analyzed using a Coulter counter.

Statistical Analysis

Data were analyzed using SPSS, including:

  • Arithmetic Mean
  • Median
  • Standard Deviation
  • T-test (p < 0.05) for comparing pre- and post-measurements.

Results

  • Table 2: I-GPV ingestion led to a significant decrease in pulse rate, while muscle strength and blood cell counts increased significantly compared to the control group.
  • Table 3: I-GPV supplementation caused a notable improvement in glucose, insulin, oxidant, antioxidant levels, C-RP, and total cholesterol, favoring the experimental group. These changes suggest potential cardiovascular benefits and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Table 4: I-GPV ingestion resulted in a significant increase in FSH, LH, and testosterone levels, indicating enhanced reproductive health and potential anabolic effects.

Discussion

The data presented in Table 2 revealed a highly significant increase in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the experimental group that consumed I-GPV, compared to the control group. This increase may be attributed to I-GPV’s action on the spleen, which serves as a reservoir for blood cells. The improvements in Hb concentration, MCV, and PCV suggest enhanced oxygen transport, leading to better muscle performance and cardiovascular efficiency, ultimately contributing to higher fitness levels.

Additionally, the increase in total leukocyte count (T. WBCs), as observed in Table 2, suggests a higher immune response and improved immunomodulatory effects of I-GPV supplementation.

A significant increase in leg muscle strength, also noted in Table 2, shows that I-GPV stimulates muscle function, leading to improved muscle efficiency, cardiovascular health and oxygenation-enhancing effects of I-GPV.

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Benefits

Findings from Table 3 demonstrate that I-GPV significantly reduces total cholesterol (T. cholesterol), suggesting that it may help lower the risk of heart disease. The polyphenols, tannins, and essential oils in I-GPV contribute to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, I-GPV inhibits PTP1B enzyme activity, which plays a role in glucose metabolism, making it beneficial for diabetes management.

Our research shows that that consuming 2.2 grams of I-GPV daily for 3 months led to significant reductions in insulin, C-reactive protein (C-RP), and glucose levels, supporting the potential of I-GPV in preventing cardiovascular complications in diabetic individuals. These findings align with Table 3 results, which show improved metabolic health and anti-inflammatory effects in the experimental group.

2.2 grams of I-GPV daily for 3 months may help regulate blood sugar, act as an antioxidant, and alleviate muscle pain.

Hormonal and Reproductive Health

Table 4 indicates that I-GPV consumption significantly increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone, suggesting its positive impact on reproductive health and anabolic activity. These results align with our original research which found that I-GPV supplementation increased gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) and testosterone levels, improving spermatogenesis and reproductive function.

We have further demonstrated that I-GPV improved fertility hormones in diabetic female rats, suggesting that it may benefit both male and female reproductive health. Testosterone production is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, where gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates LH and FSH secretion, leading to testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis.

Pharmacological and Nutritional Applications

Our research highlightes the wide-ranging pharmacological benefits of I-GPV, including its antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering effects. Additionally I-GPV contains over 220 bioactive compounds,.

Recent research shows that I-GPV extract reduces pain, adding to its therapeutic benefits.

Conclusion

I-GPV exhibits a broad range of biological effects, including:

  • Antioxidant properties
  • Hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects
  • Hormonal regulation and reproductive benefits
  • Neuroprotection and immune-boosting properties
  • Cardiovascular support through improved oxygenation and cholesterol reduction

These findings support the therapeutic potential of I-GPV for metabolic health, muscle function, reproductive health, and cardiovascular protection.

Potential Therapeutic Effects of I-GPV on Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and mesenchyme outside the uterine cavity, known as ectopic endometrium. Recent research has linked endometriosis to hormonal imbalances, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Our study investigated the potential therapeutic effects of I-GPV, a compound with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor properties, using an induced endometriotic mouse model. While I-GPV has shown various health benefits, its role in endometriosis had not been previously explored.

Key Findings:

✅ Inhibited Endometrial Lesion Growth:

  • I-GPV significantly reduced the size and weight of endometrial lesions compared to the control group.
  • It effectively inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis within ectopic endometrial tissue.

✅ Reduced Inflammation:

  • I-GPV treatment led to lower mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6).
  • The number of macrophages and neutrophils was reduced.
  • The NF-κB signaling pathway, a key driver of inflammation, was inhibited.

✅ Lowered Oxidative Stress:

  • Tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS) intensity was significantly reduced.
  • Mitochondrial complex IV expression was downregulated, suggesting a role in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress regulation.

✅ Suppressed Endometriotic Cell Proliferation:

  • In human endometriotic epithelial cells (11Z cell line), I-GPV treatment:
    • Downregulated cyclin genes, reducing cell proliferation.
    • Induced apoptosis, preventing abnormal tissue growth.
    • Decreased LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression, highlighting its anti-inflammatory potential.

✅ Minimal Impact on Eutopic Endometrium & Fertility:

  • I-GPV had minimal effects on the normal endometrial tissue, suggesting it does not interfere with fertility or the pregnancy process.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that I-GPV holds promising therapeutic potential for endometriosis by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Its ability to reduce lesion size and inflammation without compromising fertility makes it a safe and effective candidate for future endometriosis treatments.